Hypothyroidism: Symptoms, Tests & What to Expect

Hypothyroidism affects millions of Americans, yet many don’t know they have it. If you’re experiencing unexplained fatigue, weight gain, or brain fog, a simple blood test can provide answers and help you get back to feeling like yourself.

Understanding Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid, occurs when your thyroid gland can’t keep up with your body’s hormone demands. This butterfly-shaped gland in your neck controls your metabolism, energy production, and dozens of other vital functions.

When thyroid hormone levels drop too low, your entire body slows down. Simple daily tasks become exhausting. Your brain feels foggy. You might gain weight despite eating less, or feel cold when others are comfortable.

The condition affects women five to eight times more often than men, especially after age 35. Many cases develop gradually, making symptoms easy to dismiss as stress, aging, or just being “out of shape.”

Early detection matters because hypothyroidism is highly treatable. With proper testing and treatment, most people return to normal energy levels and feel dramatically better within weeks to months.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Persistent fatigue and low energy, even after adequate sleep
• Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Brain fog, memory problems, and difficulty concentrating
• Feeling cold when others are comfortable
• Dry skin, brittle hair, or hair loss
• Depression, anxiety, or mood changes
• Constipation and digestive issues
• Heavy or irregular menstrual periods

Recommended Tests

A comprehensive hypothyroidism test panel includes several key markers. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) is typically the first test ordered, as elevated levels often indicate an underactive thyroid.

Free T4 and Free T3 measure your actual thyroid hormone levels, providing a complete picture of thyroid function. TPO antibodies help identify autoimmune causes like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which accounts for most hypothyroidism cases in the United States.

Testing multiple markers together gives healthcare providers the information needed for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

Where to Get Tested

Several trusted testing services offer comprehensive hypothyroidism panels without requiring a doctor’s visit. These labs provide the same accurate results used by healthcare providers, often with faster turnaround times.

Understanding Your Results

TSH levels above 4.0-5.0 mIU/L typically indicate hypothyroidism, though some people experience symptoms at lower levels. Free T4 and T3 results below the normal range confirm the diagnosis.

Positive TPO antibodies suggest Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition that gradually destroys thyroid tissue. This information helps healthcare providers choose the most effective treatment approach.

Results should always be interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider who can consider your symptoms, medical history, and individual circumstances when making treatment recommendations.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.